Vladimir Yakovlevich Propp ( 17 April 1895 — 22 August 1970) was a Russian structuralist scholar who analyzed the basic plot components of Russian folk tales to identify their simplest irreducible narrative elements. He was born in St. Petersburg to a German family. Propp attended St. Petersburg University (1913-1918) majoring in Russian and German philosophy, then after graduating he taught Russian and German at a secondary school and then became a college teacher of German.
Character theory's are useful for analysing and understanding media in which people take on the role of an actor or social actor.Propp developed a character theory for studying media texts and productions, which indicates that there were 7 broad character types in the 100 tales he analysed, which could be applied to other media:
- The villain (struggles against the hero)
- The donor (prepares the hero or gives the hero some magical object)
- The (magical) helper (helps the hero in the quest)
- The princess (person the hero marries, often sought for during the narrative)
- Her father
- The dispatcher (character who makes the lack known and sends the hero off)
- The hero or victim/seeker hero, reacts to the donor, weds the princess
- False hero — takes credit for the hero’s actions or tries to marry the princess
- ABSENTATION
- INTERDICTION
- VIOLATION of INTERDICTION
- RECONNAISSANCE
- DELIVERY.
- TRICKERY
- COMPLICITY
- VILLAINY or LACK
- MEDIATION
- BEGINNING COUNTER-ACTION
- DEPARTURE
- FIRST FUNCTION OF THE DONOR
- HERO'S REACTION
- RECEIPT OF A MAGICAL AGENT
- GUIDANCE
- STRUGGLE
- BRANDING
- VICTORY
- LIQUIDATION
- RETURN
- PURSUIT
- RESCUE
- UNRECOGNIZED ARRIVAL
- UNFOUNDED CLAIMS
- DIFFICULT TASK
- SOLUTION
- RECOGNITION
- EXPOSURE
- TRANSFIGURATION
- PUNISHMENT
- WEDDING
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